Application Methods and Use Explained
Application methods differ, but everyone with asthma should learn how to use their specific application device when it is prescribed.
It’s a good idea
- To check regularly whether you can use the device effectively
- To know how to use the devices properly, so most medication reaches the lungs
- To consider using a spacer or a mask during an asthma attack, as they are more effective in stressful situations
Application Methods -Nebulizers and Inhalers
Several types of asthma devices are available. Choosing the right one depends on how it is used, how comfortable it feels, whether it fits into daily routines, and whether it is easy to carry.
Nebulizer
- Turns asthma medication into a fine mist
- Used with a mouthpiece or a mask
- Often used for younger children, older adults, or people who find it hard to coordinate breathing with inhaler use during stressful situations
- How to use it:
Inhalers
- Small, portable, and fast to use
- Do not require a separate mouthpiece or mask
- Often used by people with less severe asthma, adolescents, and adults
- Require coordination between breathing and activating the inhaler
- types of inhalers include: dry powder inhaler (DPI), metered-dose inhaler (MDI), and soft-mist inhaler (SMI)
Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI)
- Delivers medication in the form of a dry powder
- Shaped like a tube or disk
- Taking a deep and fast breath releases medication
- Some inhalers hold a single dose; others hold up to 200 doses
- How to use it:
Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI)
- Pressurized canister containing aerosol medication
- Boot-shaped with an attached mouthpiece
- Pressing the canister down into the boot releases the medication
- Some canisters release medication automatically when inhaled
- Dose counters:
- Some inhalers have built-in counters
- Some inhalers can be tracked using an app
- How to use:
Soft Mist Inhaler (SMI)
- Converts liquid medication into a fine mist
- Tube-shaped device with a mouthpiece
- Mist is inhaled more slowly, making it easier to use than MDIs or DPIs
- Requires less coordination of breathing and activation
- How to use:
Difference Between Nebulizer and Inhaler
There are several differences between nebulizers and inhalers. Therefore, depending on individual needs, one device may be more suitable than the other:
| Feature | Nebulizer | Inhaler |
| Type of device | Electric machine | Handheld device, no power source needed |
| Size | Larger | Small and portable |
| Length of use | 5-15 mins | 1-5 minutes |
| Ease of use | Easy; fewer chances for mistakes | Requires coordination of steps |
| Cleaning | Needs cleaning after each use | Minimal cleaning required |
More information:
Spacer
Using a spacer with an inhaler helps more medication reach the lungs, especially when pressing the inhaler and breathing at the same time is difficult. In addition, spacers can be used with MDI and SMI inhalers, but not with DPIs. They may be used with or without a mask.
How to use a spacer without a mask: video
How to use a spacer with a mask: video
Cleaning of SpacerS and Inhalers
Regular cleaning inhalers and spacers helps prevent medication buildup, clogging, and contamination that could lead to infection.
Inhalers
- Clean about once a week
- Use different methods depending on the type:
- Dry powder inhalers (DPI): wipe with a dry cloth only
- Soft mist inhalers (SMI): wipe with a damp cloth
- metered-dose inhalers (MDI): rinse with warm water (do not soak)
More cleaning information:
Spacers
- Clean at least once a month, or more often if used regularly
- Do not rinse under running water to protect the valve
- Many spacers are top-rack dishwasher safe
- When washing by hand: soak all parts in warm water with dish soap, clean with a cloth, and air-dry completely before putting them back together
More information:
Storage of Asthma Devices
Store asthma medication and devices:
- In a dry place
- At room temperature
- Away from direct sunlight
If you use an inhaler, keep the cap on when not in use.